Sports

Like many winter sports, figure skating's roots grew from necessity. As a mode of transportation for warfare and hunting in Northern Europe, skating was a swift way to cross frozen lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.

Warriors and hunters crafted makeshift skates of reindeer antlers or elk bones, and later iron and steel. By the 16th century, skaters were transporting goods across frozen waterways.

In 1892, the International Skating Union (ISU) was founded. Six years later, the first ISU-sanctioned event was held, and organisers hoped it might soon become an official Olympic sport.

Because competitions could be held indoors, figure skating was added to the Olympic programme for the 1908 Summer Games. Figure skating became an official Olympic Winter Games sport at the 1924 Winter Games in Chamonix.

List of events

• men

  1. SINGLES

  2. SHORT PROGRAM

  3. FREE SKATING

• women

  1. SINGLES

  2. SHORT PROGRAM

  3. FREE SKATING

• mixed

  1. ICE DANCE (FREE DANCE)

  2. PAIRS (FREE SKATING)

  3. ICE DANCE (SHORT DANCE)

  4. PAIRS (SHORT PROGRAM)

  5. PAIRS

  6. ICE DANCING

Short track speed skating races began to occur in Europe shortly after speed skating became an established international sport.

The International Skating Union was founded in 1892, three years after the first long-track World Championships.

Prior to the arrival of short track at the Olympics, it was common for skaters to compete in short and long-track events. Short track ovals were covered and offered a place for skaters to train all year.

Many long-track racers would practice sprinting and turning techniques around the small oval. Some even competed in short track competitions.

With the development of new indoor long-track facilities, the cross-sport training is not as popular anymore. Also, now that short track has become established as an Olympic sport, racers have been forced to specialise to succeed.

Short track speed skating was first included in the official programme at the XVI Olympic Winter Games in Albertville in 1992.

List of events

• men

  1. FINAL 5000M RELAY

  2. 500M

  3. 1500M

  4. 3000M

  5. 5000M RELAY

  6. 1000M

  7. HEATS 5000M RELAY

  8. SEMI-FINAL 5000M RELAY

• women

  1. 500M

  2. 1000M

  3. 1500M

  4. 3000M RELAY

  5. SEMI-FINAL 3000M RELAY

  6. FINAL 3000M RELAY

Now somewhere between art and sport, skating on ice was, for hundreds of years, a rapid form of transportation across frozen lakes, rivers and canals, and the oldest form of skate (a length of bone attached to sandals with thongs) dates back to 20,000 years B.C.. The Dutch were some of the early pioneers and as far back as the 13th century maintained communication by skating from village to village along frozen rivers and canals. Skating spread across the channel to England and soon the first clubs and artificial rinks had begun springing up across the country. Before long the sport had spread right across Europe and had reached North America . Several kings of England, Marie Antoinette, Napoleon I, the great German poet Goethe and Napoleon III all loved to take to the ice. The Olympic Winter Games present three disciplines of skating: Figure Skating, including singles for Men and Ladies, pairs (a man and a lady) and ice dancing, Speed Skating, and Short Track Speed Skating for Men and Ladies.

It is believed that skates were developed about 3000 years ago in Scandinavia. In the Netherlands, skating served as a way to travel over the canals in winter and the Dutch are still among the world's most avid skaters.

Although the Netherlands is the birthplace of speed skating, the first known skating competition is thought to have been held in 1676.

Competitions sprung up across the northern part of Europe shortly after, but the first official speed skating events were not held until 1863 in Oslo, Norway.

In 1889, the Netherlands hosted the first World Championships, bringing together the Dutch, Russians, Americans and English. Speed Skating has been a part of the Olympic programme since the 1st Olympic Winter Games in Chamonix Mont Blanc in 1924.

Originally only men participated, but women's events were included in the 1960 Squaw Valley Games.

List of events

• men

  1. 10000M

  2. 16 LAPS MASS START

  3. 8 LAPS TEAM PURSUIT

  4. 500M

  5. 1500M

  6. 5000M

  7. 1000M

  8. 70 LAPS MASS START

  9. 3200M TEAM PURSUIT

• women

  1. 16 LAPS MASS START

  2. 3000M

  3. 5000M

  4. 2800M TEAM PURSUIT

  5. 50 LAPS MASS START

  6. 1000M

  7. 6 LAPS TEAM PURSUIT

  8. 500M

  9. 1500M