Chess is a recreational and competitive game played between two players. Sometimes called Western chess or international chess to distinguish it from its predecessors and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Indian and Persian origin. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide in clubs, online, by correspondence, in tournaments and informally. The game is played on a square chequered chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight square. At the start, each player (one controlling the white pieces, the other controlling the black pieces) controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove it from attack on the next move.
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Weiqi is a mind sport that originated from China. It has been popularizing from 2,500 years ago. Weiqi has been spread to the Korean Peninsula and Japan in Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty individually, and gradually spread to across the world. It fully embodies the oriental way of thinking and ideological system, and is one of the major contributions China has made to the world civilisation. Weiqi is making its Asian Games debut in 16th Asian Games, Guangzhou, in 2010.
The black and white stones are displayed on a Weiqi board with 361 crosses made of 19 vertical lines and 19 horizontal lines. It is played as the follow rules:
1. Weiqi is played by taking turns to put black and white stones on the cross of the board. One can only go one stone each time.
2. The cross made by the vertical and horizontal stone line is the "Qi" of the stone. If the "Qi" of one stone or connected stones is completely occupied by the other player, it is called "dead stone", and has to be lift up from the board.
3. Finally who wins more area on the board wins the game.
4. The act of lifting a stone for each other is called "Jie" (rob). In order to avoid non-stop game with repeated lifting, one must not lift immediately in return after being lifted.
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Xiangqi is a two-player Chinese board game in the same family as Western chess, chaturanga, shogi and janggi. The present-day form of Xiangqi originated in China and is therefore commonly called Chinese chess in English.
The first character ? Xiàng here has the meaning "image" or "representational", hence Xiangqi can be literally translated as "representational chess".
The game is sometimes called "elephant chess" after an alternative meaning of ? as "elephant". Xiangqi has a long history. Though its precise origins have not yet been confirmed, the earliest literary reference comes from the 9th century.
Xiangqi is one of the most popular board games in the world. Distinctive features of Xiangqi include the unique movement of the pao ("cannon") piece, a rule prohibiting the generals (similar to chess kings) from facing each other directly, and the river and palace board features, which restrict the movement of some pieces.
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